Five Functions Of Language (Leech, 1974)

Five Functions Of dustup (Leech, 1974)Language take overs a in verity important role in human lives. It is a social phenomenon. unrivalled of the main goals of style is to communicate with people and to understand them. When aroundone speaks, he int terminations a specific purpose. He wants to convey a message with that nomenclature. A person mappings his language to m whatsoever unlike purposes for good suit, to express his feelings, to direct for help and to apologize.In fact, we use language in many different ways, some of these atomic number 18, the informational, the expressive, the directive, the phatic, the aesthetic. We use language and that language is a crack up of society. Actually, any language varies according to , the nature of the society, what kind of people, and their attitudes. People use language according to their situation. The social background of any person can play an important role in the kind of language he has.I am going to discuss these fer ments and take some examples of each one. I will explain the relationship between language and social organization.Language is very important factor of communication among society. Using language has some plys. We need to use language to fulfill our needs. It is a crucial p artwork in our life. If a person uses his language, he chooses words that matches his needs.People use some ranges to say a sentence, to ask, to reply, to greet and etc. In fact, forms be important part of our discussion because they ar related to functions. A person who says, What is your name? he is showing a form of a question. let us take another example, I want to play football, functions as a statement.Five functions of languageActually, Geoffery Leech( 1974 ). Mentioned that language has five functions. They areInformational communicatoryDirectiveAestheticPhaticI am going to discuss each function. Informational function which every one tends to assume is most important Geoffery Leech( 1974 ). In fact, this function concentrates on the message. It is utilise to give new information. It depends on truth and value. Let us look at this example, the car is big, the bus is crowded. language can have an expressive function that is, it can be used to express its originators feelings and attitudes swear words and exclamations are the most obvious pillow slip of this. Geoffery Leech( 1974 ). The speaker or writer of this function tries to express his feelings. He or she reflexes his or her impression. This function could give a clear image for the genius of the speaker or writer. The best example of this kind is Poetry and belles-lettres . In fact, this function evoke certain feelings and express feelings. Examples of this kind are, I am very happy or I spent a wonderful vacation. We can see from the previous examples that they reflex the feelings of the speaker or the writer.The third function of language is the directive function whereby we aim to wreak the behavior or attitudes o f others. The most straightforward instances of the directive function are commands and requests. This function of social control places emphasis on the receivers end, kind of than the originators end of the message but it resembles the expressive function in giving little importance, on the whole, to conceptual meaning than to other types of meaning, particularly affective and intensional meaning Geoffery Leech( 1974 ).Examples of this kind are, I want a cup of afternoon tea or close the door. It is clear hear that, we use the language in a direct way. We ask someone to do something. Some propagation we can use a sentence to express two functions. For example, I am thirsty. The previous example could be used to show the origin of the speaker or writer or to express the feeling. In a way that a person asks someone to give him water.The fourth function is the aesthetic function, which is the use of language for the sake of the linguistic artifact itself, and for no purpose. Th is aesthetic function can have at least as much to do with conceptual as with affective meaning Geoffery Leech( 1974 ). The function associated with the message-the vehicle-is the poetic or aesthetic function the sign taken as an end in itself. All art understood as art is taken to embody this function, and any object valued for its beauty rather than for its ideological value or usefulness-whether a gorgeous car, an elegant teapot, or some acreage of untouched real estate-takes on this function. Although Jakobson, perhaps to a greater extent precisely than anyone who preceded him, showed how the aesthetic function could hinge on structure, he argues that cultural norms ultimately determine the dominance of this function. As a striking demonstration, he notes that the aesthetic status that one generation accorded only to the poems of Karel Mcha, a subsequent generation accords only to his diaries. Jakobson, R. (1933).According to Leech, the fifth function is the phatic function. the function of keeping communication lines open, and keeping social relationships in good reestablish ( in Britain culture, talking about the weather is a well-known example of this). Geoffery Leech( 1974 ). We can say about this function that it is used for normal talks. An example of this, when two people meet each other accidently in a place. They start talking about something unimportant for the sake of communication like, how are you? How is your children? And so on. We can say that it is a kind of daily talking. It is not meaning but is good.Actually has another classification from what we have discussed. H. Douglas chocolate-brown has classified function of language into seven types. This classification is not much different from that of Leech. The functional approach to describing language is one that has its roots in the traditions of British linguists J,R Firth, who reviewed language as interactive and interpersonal, away of behaving and making others work Berns, ( 19 84).